We have so far covered rapid growth that reduces poverty and creates employment opportunities, access to essential services in health and education especially to poor and empowerment through education and skill development. These topics were covered from Dutt and Sundaram, India 2013 and 11th Five Year Plan Ch - 11 on inclusive growth.
Now moving futher, as we talked about seven broad targets for achieving inclusive growth we move to the fourth one mentioned.
Extension of employment opportunities using National Rural Employment Guarantee Program
Through this target Government has thus tried to develop and transform the rural economy for rapid expansion of employment and income opportunities, both on farm and off farm along with improvement in health, education and skill development. The development efforts have been directed in creating adequate livelihood and provision of services for a better quality life for poor. However the poverty estimates as per the methodology suggested by Tendulkar Committee put 41.8% of rural population Below Poverty Line (Various States BPL figures) which indicates that concerted efforts are required to alleviate poverty in the rural areas.
Schemes such as Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Sampoorna Gram Swarozgar Yojana ect are some break through into this way. But these schemes have their own loopholes.
Environment Sustainability
With environment sustainability in mind, environment concerns were given a high place in the plan. The role of environment and forestry is very crucial for inclusive growth and sustained economic development of a country. Environmental management (including municipal solid waste and sewage management) is a crucial component of urban planning and has been sadly neglected. Sewage treatment must be given focused attention. Recycling of the treated water for appropriate purposes must be incentivized. Efforts will be made to integrate sewage treatment with water conservation. The River Conservative Programme strengthened to ensure adequate water supply for quality living conditions. Participating systems also strengthened for sustainable use of forests in keeping with the global consensus on the need for community involvement for
management of natural resources. The prospect of climate change presents a serious threat to our development over the longer term horizon. Available scientific evidence suggests that India will be one of the countries that will be severely affected by climate change. The Himalayan glaciers are already receding and the trend could intensify. There is likely to an increase in the mean temperatures which would have adverse effects on foodgrain production with the present level of technology. The monsoon would be affected with a greater frequency of extreme events. We have to evolve a positive stance toward adaptation and also engage constructively with the international community to reach a consensus on mitigation based on fair principles of burden sharing. (Please refer to NGRBA, NGT )
We must certainly begin to consider what steps we need to take to adapt to these changes and to mitigate the damage to climate. However, an effective strategy requires international co-operation to evolve forms of burden sharing for mitigation as well as adaptation that are fair and equitable across nations. We have to address these challenges in the years ahead.
Reduction in Gender inequality
.jpg)
To advance social inclusion by promoting positive relationships among men and women, different groups and individuals within communities is a major challenge so that all identify with and belong to a community. For women in India, the challenge is particularly complex. Forty-nine percent of the poor are women and 96 percent of the women work in the informal economy. The 11th Five-Year Plan (2008-12) points out that “gender inequality remains a pervasive problem and structural changes are having an adverse effect on women.”
While endeavoring to guarantee the rights and entitlements of all women, the Eleventh Plan recognizes that women are not a homogeneous category. Their situations, and consequently requirements, differ based on their locations within various castes, communities, religions, geographic and development zones and the effort during the Eleventh Plan is to cater to all these differential and specific requirements.
Improvement in Governance
Over the years we hear our Government making so many plans and launching so many schemes but they are all found to be ineffective. The cause = corruption a t various levels of Government structure, poor design and insufficient accountability. It is therefore important to improve evaluation of the effectiveness of how government programmes work and to inject a commitment to change their designs in the light of the experience gained.
Accountability and transparency are critical elements of good governance. The Right to Information Act (RTI) enacted in 2005 empowers people to get information and constitutes a big step towards transparency and accountability.
Now moving futher, as we talked about seven broad targets for achieving inclusive growth we move to the fourth one mentioned.
Extension of employment opportunities using National Rural Employment Guarantee Program
Through this target Government has thus tried to develop and transform the rural economy for rapid expansion of employment and income opportunities, both on farm and off farm along with improvement in health, education and skill development. The development efforts have been directed in creating adequate livelihood and provision of services for a better quality life for poor. However the poverty estimates as per the methodology suggested by Tendulkar Committee put 41.8% of rural population Below Poverty Line (Various States BPL figures) which indicates that concerted efforts are required to alleviate poverty in the rural areas.
Schemes such as Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Sampoorna Gram Swarozgar Yojana ect are some break through into this way. But these schemes have their own loopholes.
Environment Sustainability
management of natural resources. The prospect of climate change presents a serious threat to our development over the longer term horizon. Available scientific evidence suggests that India will be one of the countries that will be severely affected by climate change. The Himalayan glaciers are already receding and the trend could intensify. There is likely to an increase in the mean temperatures which would have adverse effects on foodgrain production with the present level of technology. The monsoon would be affected with a greater frequency of extreme events. We have to evolve a positive stance toward adaptation and also engage constructively with the international community to reach a consensus on mitigation based on fair principles of burden sharing. (Please refer to NGRBA, NGT )
We must certainly begin to consider what steps we need to take to adapt to these changes and to mitigate the damage to climate. However, an effective strategy requires international co-operation to evolve forms of burden sharing for mitigation as well as adaptation that are fair and equitable across nations. We have to address these challenges in the years ahead.
Reduction in Gender inequality
.jpg)
While endeavoring to guarantee the rights and entitlements of all women, the Eleventh Plan recognizes that women are not a homogeneous category. Their situations, and consequently requirements, differ based on their locations within various castes, communities, religions, geographic and development zones and the effort during the Eleventh Plan is to cater to all these differential and specific requirements.
Improvement in Governance
Accountability and transparency are critical elements of good governance. The Right to Information Act (RTI) enacted in 2005 empowers people to get information and constitutes a big step towards transparency and accountability.
No comments:
Post a Comment